E-ISSN: 1305-3612
    Gianturco Z-stent placement for the treatment of chronic central venous occlusive disease: implantation of 208 stents in 137 symptomatic patients
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    Interventional Radiology - Original Article
    VOLUME: 27 ISSUE: 1
    P: 72-78
    January 2021

    Gianturco Z-stent placement for the treatment of chronic central venous occlusive disease: implantation of 208 stents in 137 symptomatic patients

    Diagn Interv Radiol 2021;27(1):72-78
    DOI: 10.5152/dir.2020.19282
    Joseph L. McDevitt 1,2
    Daryl T. Goldman 1,3
    Jacob J. Bundy 1,4
    Anthony N. Hage 1,4
    Neil K. Jairath 1
    Joseph J. Gemmete 1
    Ravi N. Srinivasa 5
    Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick 6
    1. Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
    2. Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
    3. Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Gustave L Levy Place, New York, USA
    4. Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, USA
    5. Department of Interventional Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
    6. Department of Radiology, Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
    No information available.
    No information available
    Received Date: 07.06.2019
    Accepted Date: 08.05.2020
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    ABSTRACT

    PURPOSE

    To report the technical successes, adverse events, and long-term stent patency rates of Gianturco Z-stents for management of chronic central venous occlusive disease.

    METHODS

    Overall, 137 patients, with mean age 48.6±16.1 years (range, 16-89 years), underwent placement of Gianturco Z-stents for chronic central venous occlusions. Presenting symptoms included lower extremity edema (n=66, 48.2%), superior vena cava syndrome (n=30, 21.9%), unilateral upper extremity swelling (n=20, 14.6%), hemodialysis fistula or catheter dysfunction (n=11, 8.0%), ascites (n=8, 5.8%), and both ascites and lower extremity edema (n=2, 1.5%). Most common etiologies of central venous occlusion were prior central venous access placement (n=58, 42.3%), extrinsic compression (n=29, 21.2%), and post-surgical anastomotic stenosis (n=27, 19.7%). Number of stents placed, stent implantation location, stent sizes, technical successes, adverse events, need for re-intervention, follow-up evaluation, stent patencies, and mortality were recorded. Technical success was defined as recanalization and stent reconstruction with restoration of in-line venous flow. Adverse events were defined by the Society of Interventional Radiology Adverse Event Classification criteria. Primary and primary-assisted stent patencies were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

    RESULTS

    In total, 208 Z-stents were placed. The three most common placement sites were the inferior vena cava (n=124, 59.6%), superior vena cava (n=44, 21.2%), and brachiocephalic veins (n=27, 13.0%). Technical success was achieved in 133 patients (97.1%). There were two (1.5%) severe adverse events (two cases of stent migration to the right atrium), one (0.7%) moderate adverse event, and one (0.7%) mild adverse event. Mean follow-up was 43.6±52.7 months. Estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary stent patency was 84.2%, 84.2%, and 82.1%, respectively. Estimated 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary-assisted patency was 92.3%, 89.6%, and 89.6%, respectively. The 30- and 60- day mortality rates were 2.9% (n=4) and 5.1% (n=7), none of which were directly attributable to Z-stent placement.

    CONCLUSION

    Gianturco Z-stent placement is safe and effective for the treatment for chronic central venous occlusive disease with durable short- and long-term patencies.

    References

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