E-ISSN: 1305-3612
Thoracic manifestations of paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during or after antituberculous therapy in HIV-negative patients
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Chest Imaging - Pictorial Essay
VOLUME: 21 ISSUE: 2
P: 134-139
March 2015

Thoracic manifestations of paradoxical immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome during or after antituberculous therapy in HIV-negative patients

Diagn Interv Radiol 2015;21(2):134-139
DOI: 10.5152/dir.2014.14212
Prapaporn Pornsuriyasak 1
Thitiporn Suwatanapongched 2
1. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
2. Division of Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
No information available.
No information available
Received Date: 25.05.2014
Accepted Date: 15.12.2014
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ABSTRACT

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a consequence of exaggerated and dysregulated host’s inflammatory response to invading microorganism, leading to uncontrolled inflammatory reactions. IRIS associated with tuberculosis (TB) is well recognized among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy, but it is less common among HIV-negative patients. IRIS can manifest as a paradoxical worsening or recurring of preexisting tuberculous lesions or development of new lesions despite successful antituberculous treatment. Hence, the condition might be misdiagnosed as superimposed infections, treatment failure, or relapse of TB. This pictorial essay reviewed diagnostic criteria and various thoracic manifestations of the paradoxical form of TB-associated IRIS (TB-IRIS) that might aid in early recognition of this clinical entity among HIV-negative patients. The treatment and outcomes of TB-IRIS were also discussed.